Locking washer for nuts



July 19, 193s. @www 2,124,249

LOCKING WASHER rjoR NUTS y Fiied Aug'. 15, 1955 W 'f WMI Hkz/acci Perera-July 19, 193s i 'I f 2,124,249

liJN-rritp STATES .ini'iiarifill ori-ica Locxnva. viitrn NUTS Igino Guiduccl, Tlivoli, Italy Application August 1s, i935, serioLNo. sacas rultoiy october' 11, 1934 z (ci. isiain4 y The present linvention relates to locking washa relatively gentle inclination slopinc in the ers for nuts, and its object is to provide'a double olOokWiBe dlreiion-t washer of simple and economical manufacture From the annular portion I there extend raandat the same time one which is completely redially extensions, each o! which has a Portion' `5 vliablein'operation and which' can he used with- 3d rigidly attached .to and in the'lilne of the 5 f 40 washer comprises an .annular portion I, whosev out any previous preparation oi4 the nut. f annular portion i Oi'- the Wher. and another The doubie washer in accordance with theA4 portion 3b separated by a cutting from the said' invenfien'is'eomposed of two. equal or suetenannular portion I and inclined downwards and tlally equal simple-washers, each having one tace bwkWardS When 4the Washer i8 Seen as shown in 1o provided with projections adapted to engage the Fie. 2 orFls. if and turning in a clockwise direcio part with which the washer co-ects during the ti011- tightening-up of the nut, and one smooth face; TWo Washers el'e used in eooimetlon' e ie each washer has in -addition radial extensions so Shown in F12. 1, i. e., with their smooth faces shaped 'as to permit the relative angular- 'moveooeeting with eooh other in Such e We? that the ment of the two washers in the direction in `eggl'egel'le formed-by two Washers hos the Pro" 15' i which the nut is tightened up but not the movelemons 2 oo both the, external feoelt Whleh Pro' mem-in the reverse dil-eenen' jections are intended to engage the nut and the The' two washers are varranged with.` their surface ofthe part t0 be kept tight smooth faces in Contact with each the-n In practice the double -washer may be put on 2 other characteristics end advantages ofthe the market Withthe twv 81118192 @moment mh- 2.

locking washer-'in accordance with the invention ers joined. together by .means of on? adhesive will become apparent'in the course of the presgreaseent description which is made with reference to In order t0 understand the opereuon of the the accompanying drawing, which represents by washer' me 1 Wm be considered uppoeiog that way of example two preferred embodiments of the nut C is not Yet tightened up' 25 the invention. f As itis shown, the double washer formed by In. the drawing: the two single washers A and B', arranged 'as has Fig. 1 is en elevation or e boit provided with been already des'efibed is thfedee on ille bolt the preferred embodiment of double washer in E heme the out is P n The the. out i accordance the invention. [y f' Screwed @n and lipari', rstu turns freely. when, 30

Fig.V 21s an elevation of a single washer.' however the douwe Washer A' B' begins t 'be Fig' 3 is a man view from above of the washer pressed between the nut C and vthe part D. the .Shown-in Fig 2. .points oi the projections 2 commence to bite on Eig. 4 is an elegation of a nut and of a washer the suda-ces with which they are m Contact' and of modined form, to beused'prererebiy with nuts l namely the Pleeuns 2 f the Washer A We the 35 *of* hard Steel I vy l gaat# thlile'fnut (tililvhileuttl'ie of the washer B ve s ace o ep shiv'! -nislgll'l View from above of tn 'e -wvash The washer B remains ilxed, while 'the washer With reference to Figs. 1 mp3, each simple A is carried round by the nut C in its movement.

e the upper washer co-act with the inclined porl-v intemal diameter, i. e., the diameter of the hole, e is slightly greg-teg than the diameter of the bolt tions of the lower washer in such a way that.I with Awhich the washer is to he used, whilst the me permitting the' tightemng'up meme f external vdiameter of the said annular part i is I gli Prevent the movememm the 0pm' smaller than the diameter oi the circle .which is f It is obviou's that there a pomve locking be; inscribed i the Outline of 'the nut' tween the two washers in as many points of 4the The periphery ofthe annuler Portion 'le Pro' circumference as there are extensions on each vided with projections 2, extending. vertically washen eo relatively tothe Plane 0f the wher. cnd'prcfcr' 1n this connection it should he noted that the oo ably 0fV triangular Shape with a Vertex Which iS dimensions ofthe extensions do not increase with5 asymmetrical. relatively t0 the. base 0i :the -tri. the increase in'the diameter ci the nut. but-they angle, in such a way that in each triangular proare maintained substantially the, same for all :lection there v is a steep face 2a sloping in a sizes of nuts. f

.55 counter-clockwise direction and a iacezb having with a small nut. ior example. there will be il.; i

The inclined portions of the extensions 3 oi( 'do 20 which they co-act, evendi' the washer softens Til v'they can support ver employed four extensions' per washer, with a slightly larger nut six extensions, with/one still larger, for example, eight extensions and so on, the size of the extensions being kept practically constant for all the nu As these extensions 3 work in fact edgewise, big strains without being damaged.

Amongst the other advantages of the double ywasher according 'to the invention, there is the advantage that it is-not necessary for the washer to be made of high quality steel, but it is suiilcient for it to be made of a good constructional steel.

In addition, while it is essential with the known locking washers that the tempering should be very accurately carried out, this is not the case With my Washers.

Once the points of the washer according' to the invention have penetrated into uthe pieces with owing to its being in the neighbourhood of sources of heat it will also maintain its grip.

On the contrary, when other known types of washers soften, they Vrelax and permit the nut to loosen itself.

Another important advantage of the washer according to the invention is that the two single Washers may be made from thin sheets even for large nuts, precisely because there is a good grip on the part of the points, even when these penetrate to a slight extent, for example even to the extent oi' half a 'millimetro only, into the co-acting surface, and there is also a very effective interlocking of the extensions for any strain whatsoever, since the extensions work edgewise.

A still further advantage of the invention is that, when the nut is tightened up, even an unskllled operator will be aware il the double washer is in good condition; in fact, in such a case, if .the double washer can be seen its good Working order can be ascertained by the fact that tige washer which co-acts with the ilxed part is t rest, While the washer which co-acts with the nut follows the movement ofv the nut itseli'.

If the washer. cannot be seen, its goodl working order can be ascertained by the fact that small successive sounds areperceived each time that the inclined portions of the extensions of one washer jump in the spaces between the extensions of the other Washer.

, 'I'he size oi the extensions in the direction perpendicular to the radius may be equal to that of the space between two lsuccessive extensions, but it is preferable for the extension to be some what larger than the said space, so as to prevent any interlocking of the two washers in the direction of the tightening-up of the nut.

ItY will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the ,double washer according to the invention can be used without any prior preparation of the fixed part D, as is necessary with other known types of washers, with which it is for exturned points, there having the ends `amante ample necessary to make small recesses in the stationary part.

This does'not prevent the advantageous use in the case of emergency of only one single washer in accordance with the invention by arranging it with the projections 2 towards the nut and making on the fixed part D one or more recesses for engaging the rear edge'of one or more extensions 3.

The type of washer shown in Figs. 4 and 5 is employed for steel nuts of such a hardness. that they cannot be notched by the projecting points of the type of washer shown in Figs. 1 and 3. It is to be noted, however, that this type of washer in accordance with Figs. 4'and 5 is employed for the single nut, while the washer co-acting with the part on which the nut has to be tightened is of the type previously described.

In the form shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the annular part l is of an external diameter which is greater than the diameter of the cir'cle circumscribed to the co-acting nut. 'I'he washer is provided with the usual extensions 3 identical with those of the washer which has been already described. 'Ihe sole diierence'ls that, in place of the upwardly are provided'upwardly-folded portions 4, which are arranged in such a way as to receive exactly between them the nut C. 'I'he nutC is therefore set fast between the portions 4, and when it is tightened up it takes the washer with it in its movement. For the remnant the operation is exactly the same as has been described for vthe embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 3.

What I claim is:

1. A locking device composed of two ppositely disposed identical washers, each Washer including an annular body. a series of spring tongues extending circumferentially in one direction and thereof deflected laterally of one face of the body, a series of biting teeth projecting from the opposite face of the body and facing in the same circumferential direction as said tongues, the tongues of one washer interlocking with the tongues of the other washer to linut retrograde movement of the nut.

2. A locking device composed of two oppositely disposed identical Washers, each washer including an annularbody, a'series of spring tongues extending circumferentlally ln one direction and having the ends th ereof deflected laterally of one face of the body, a\series of biting teeth projecting from the opposite face of the body and facing in the same circumferential direction as said tongues, the teeth of the respective washers bein adapted to grip the work and the nut whereby one washer is rotated relative tothe other and the spring tongues snap past one another during advance of the nut, said tongues interlocking with each other to limit retrograde movement of the nut.

IGINO GUIDUCCI. 

